1
导读
神经病和精神病的区别
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听力
精读
翻译
词组
Psychiatricillness
精神疾病
英文部分选自经济学人Scienceandtechnology版块
Whoistodecide,whendoctorsdisagree?
医生意见相左时,谁来做决定?
Ahugeinternationalcollaborationisattemptingtogettothebottomofpsychiatricillnesses
大型国际合作组织-头脑风暴联盟探寻精神疾病的根源
DISEASESofthepsychehavealwaysbeenslipperythings.Schizophrenia,bipolardisorder,majordepressionandahostofothershavenovisiblemarkersinthebrain.Theirsymptomsoverlapsufficientlythatdiagnosesmaydifferbetweenmedicalpractitioners,orevenvaryovertimewhengivenbyasinglepractitioner.Inthistheyareunlikeneurologicaldiseases.Theseeitherleaveorganictracesinthebrainthat,thoughnotalwaysaccessiblebeforeapatient’sdeath,arecharacteristicoftheconditioninquestion,orcauserecognisableperturbationsofthingssuchaselectroencephalograms.
精神疾病向来非常棘手。精神分裂症、躁郁症、重度抑郁症及其他多种病症都无法根据脑部症状显著区分开来。。这些疾病有许多症状都差不多,面对同一种症状,不同的医生可能会诊断出不同的结果,甚至即使是同一名医生,在病患患病的不同时期诊断,其结果也可能会不同。在这方面,它们又和神经系统疾病不同。后者要么会表现在在脑内的组织中(虽然并不是总能在病人去世之前发现),反应出某种疾病的特征,要么会体现在诸如脑电图这类能识别脑部异常的仪器上。
注释:
bipolardisorder,alsobipolaraffectivedisorder,andalsomanicdepression双向型障碍,躁狂抑郁性精神病简称躁郁症(摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》)
Theimpulsetocategorise,though,isenormous—aswitnesstheevergreaternumberofconditionsidentifiedinsuccessiveeditionsoftheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders,publishedbytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociation.Thatisbecausediagnosisandtreatmentgohandinhand.Butifdiagnosticcategoriesaremisconceivedthentreatmentmaybemisapplied.InthiscontextapaperpublishedrecentlyinScience,byagroupcallingitselftheBrainstormConsortium,ishelpful.Theconsortiumhasbroughttogethermanyresearchgroupswhoworkonvariouspsychiatricdiseases,aswellasonneurologicaldiseases,andhasruntheircollectivedatathroughthewringer.
但是人们有澎湃的动力对精神疾病进行分类,在美国精神医学学会《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》的后续版本中,刊登的病例越来越多。鉴于诊断和治疗有连带关系,如果误诊了疾病类型,那么就会用错治疗方法。在此背景下,《科学》杂志近期刊登的一篇论文则大有裨益,这篇论文由整合了诸多研究团队的头脑风暴联盟撰写。这些团队研究各种各样的精神疾病以及神经系统疾病,且绞尽脑汁地运用汇总数据。
注释:
1.TheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders:简称为DSM,由美国精神医学学会(AmericanPsychiatricAssociation,简称为APA)出版,是一本在美国与其他国家中最常使用来诊断精神疾病的指导手册。摘自百度百科
2.习语gohandinhand:iftwothingsgohandinhand,theyarecloselyconnectedandonethingcausestheother密切关联;相连带;栗子:Povertyandpoorhealthoftengohandinhand.贫困和健康不良常有连带关系。(摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》)
3.习语gothroughthewringer:(informal)tohaveadifficultorunpleasantexperience,oraseriesofthem受尽磨难;历尽艰难
Throughsomeordeal,difficulty,trial,orpunishment;throughanunpleasantexperience.Betweenmymothersboutwithcancer,Jennylosingherjob,andthebankthreateningtoforecloseonthehouse,ourfamilyhasreallybeenputthroughthewringerthisyear.Jakewasntagreatfitforthemilitary,andhewasconstantlybeingputthroughthewringerfordisobedience.
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